EPC (Energy Performance Certificate)
Definition
A rating from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient) that shows a property's energy efficiency. Required by law when selling or renting a property. The certificate is valid for 10 years and includes recommendations for improving the rating. Properties rated F or G cannot legally be rented out without exemption.
Why it matters
An EPC affects your energy bills, your mortgage options (green mortgage discounts for A–C ratings), and — if you're a landlord — whether you can legally let the property. A low EPC rating (D–G) also signals potential upgrade costs that should factor into your budget.
Frequently asked questions
Can I rent out a property with an EPC rating of F or G?
No. Since April 2020, it's been illegal to let a domestic property with an EPC rating below E in England and Wales unless you have a valid exemption. Fines of up to £5,000 apply. The government has discussed raising the minimum to C, though no firm date has been set.
How can I improve my EPC rating?
The most cost-effective upgrades are usually loft insulation, cavity wall insulation, LED lighting, and a smart thermostat. Bigger jumps come from double glazing, a new boiler, or solar panels. The EPC certificate itself includes recommended improvements ranked by cost-effectiveness.
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